Who Is Science?

Science is driven by people. It is a "shared human activity." This video series delves into the many facets of what it means to be human and to do science.

What Does It Mean To Be A Scientist?

Video Transcript:

ENGLISH

S. James Gates, Jr.:
Scientists are people. We are subject to all the frailties and all of the weaknesses, but also all of the strengths, that everyone else is. That is what I desperately hope that people will understand about scientists.

Cheryl Hayashi:
I’m a basic science researcher, so I’m an evolutionary biologist. And the particular system I work in is the evolution of spider silk. Most of what I spend my time doing, is really you know, trying to understand is how spiders and their silks came to be, and how spider silk genetics might lead to a new generation of materials.

Margaret Hamburg:
Almost everyone that does science wants to see their discoveries get applied to issues in the world that matter.

David Go:
That is exhilarating, but it goes back towards our origins, understanding the way the world works and how that ties to who we are, and how we interact with the world, and how we interact with each other.

Jerold Chun:
And so it’s not as though scientists are some weirdo, something that’s squirreled away in a closet. We are- all scientists are very human, complete with all the pros and cons of human activity. And it’s something that is shared amongst every human activity. Whether you’re an artist, chef, engineer, it’s really a shared activity.

David Go:
There are some real realities to being a scientist that are hard. There’s always this sense of uncertainty in the back of your mind that you don’t quite understand what it is you’re doing.

S. James Gates, Jr.:
“One has to make peace with pain” is something I’ve been heard to say many times.

David Go:
The act of discovery involves the act of being wrong. A lot. Like 99% of the time you’re wrong.

S. James Gates, Jr.:
That you have to be at peace with being in a state of emotional distress at not getting what you want.

Agustín Fuentes:
As scientists, we’re human beings. Being human is incredibly messy, and that’s not a bad thing.

Cheryl Hayashi:
So what sustains me during those periods of when you’re just sort of really trudging through doing the labor of science? It’s just this belief that the discovery is just around the corner.

Agustín Fuentes:
There’s so much that we don’t yet know. And so questions drive science, but scientists are humans. They come from a culture. They come from a background. They have individual experiences. So they’re bringing to the table all those things.

Jada Benn Torres:
Questions that we ask are always filtered through our worldview, of our way of understanding the world. And the way you understand the world doesn’t happen on your own. You’re socialized in a particular environment. And all of those factors will filter down into your science.

Agustín Fuentes:
Study after study after study shows that diversity and inclusivity, different perspectives, different viewpoints, collaborating as a team makes for a better process of science.

Joseph L. Graves, Jr.:
So changing the demography of science also changes the enterprise of science, because people are going to have quite different ideas about what are the most important science problems and what are the most important applications.

David Go:
Science is at its best when many voices are heard, when many experiences inform, and when many people are curious.


SPANISH

S. James Gates, Jr.:
Los científicos son personas. Estamos sujetos a todas las fragilidades y todas las debilidades, pero también a las fortalezas, como todos. Eso es lo que espero desesperadamente que la gente entienda sobre los científicos.

Cheryl Hayashi:
Soy investigador científico fundamental, por lo tanto, soy biólogo evolutivo. El sistema particular con el que trabajo es la evolución de la seda de arañas. Me paso la vida en tratar de comprender cómo surgen las arañas y sus sedas y cómo la genética de la seda de arañas puede llevarnos a una nueva generación de materiales.

Margaret Hamburg:
Casi todos los que se dedican a la ciencia quieren que sus descubrimientos se apliquen a cuestiones importantes en el mundo.

David Go:
Es emocionante, pero se remonta hacia nuestros orígenes comprender la manera en la que el mundo funciona y cómo se conecta con quien somos y cómo interactuamos con el mundo y cómo interactuamos entre nosotros.

Jerold Chun:
No es como si los científicos fueran raros, algo que hay que mantener escondido. Somos… todos los científicos somos humanos completos con los pros y contras de la actividad humana. Y es algo que se comparte entre todas las actividades humanas. Así seas artista, chef, ingeniero, es una actividad compartida.

David Go:
Hay algunas realidades de ser científico que son complicadas. Siempre existe este sentido de incertidumbre en tu cabeza que dice que no comprendes completamente lo que estás haciendo.

S. James Gates, Jr.:
“Hay que amigarse con el dolor” es algo que he escuchado muchas veces.

David Go:
El acto del descubrimiento implica el acto de equivocarse. Mucho. Como el 99 % de las veces, estás equivocado.

S. James Gates, Jr.:
Hay que aceptar estar en un estado de angustia emocional por no obtener lo que quieres.

Agustín Fuentes:
Como científicos, somos humanos. Ser humanos es muy complicado y eso no es malo.

Cheryl Hayashi:
¿Qué me sostiene en esos períodos cuando estoy luchando con el trabajo? La esperanza de que el descubrimiento está a la vuelta de la esquina.

Agustín Fuentes:
Hay tanto que todavía no sabemos. Las preguntas impulsan la ciencia, pero los científicos son humanos. Vienen de una cultura. Vienen de un origen. Tienen experiencias individuales. Así que traen todo eso con ellos.

Jada Benn Torres:
Las preguntas que hacemos siempre están filtradas por nuestra visión del mundo, por nuestra manera de comprender el mundo. Y la manera en la que comprendes el mundo no sucede por si sola. Estás socializado en un ambiente en particular. Y todos esos factores se infiltrarán en tu investigación.

Agustín Fuentes:
Estudio tras estudio muestran que la diversidad y la inclusión, las diferentes perspectivas, los diferentes puntos de vista, colaborar como un equipo propician un mejor proceso científico.

Joseph L. Graves, Jr.:
Cambiar la demografía de la ciencia también cambia el proceso de la ciencia, porque las personas van a tener diferentes ideas sobre cuáles son los problemas más importantes de la ciencia y cuáles son las aplicaciones más importantes.

David Go:
La ciencia es mejor cuando se escuchan muchas voces, cuando hay muchas experiencias y cuando hay mucha gente curiosa.

Science: a shared activity

What Does It Mean To Be A Scientist?

Science is a shared human activity. This video introduces us to the “Who is Science” video series, allowing us to hear directly from scientists.

Watch and read more here.

Jada Benn Torres talking.

Can Genetics Change How We View Race?

Dr. Benn Torres discusses her experience as a genetic anthropologist and how science can upend the narrative.

 

Watch and read more here.

Sean B Carroll talking

Evolution & Religion - Are We Asking the Wrong Questions?

Dr. Carroll discusses his experience as a biologist and the importance of asking questions.

 

Watch and read more here.

Can Genetics Change How We View Race?

Video Transcript:

ENGLISH

You know, genetic anthropologists do a wide variety of things, but ultimately the idea is to understand more about human experience. When we were, how we are now, to remember when we haven’t done right, how we’ve harmed one another. I think it serves a purpose in helping us to remember this is who we are. This is what we want to be.

In terms of my own work in the Caribbean, that actually comes from my father. He was an avid genealogist and he would actually tell me stories that his mother told him about where our family was from. So I sort of picked things up where he left it off by incorporating DNA to make connections between those in the Caribbean and those in West Africa. Aspects of life that have been broken as a result of, like, colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade.

One thing I’m seeing more, not only in anthropology but also in fields like public health, is a specific move to do community engaged work, where the research isn’t done for research’s sake or some higher and lofty goals, but instead is keeping the community central. I was told in another island by one of my field work assistants that identifying as indigenous at some point was seen as a bad thing to do. It meant that, you know, you were less intelligent, promiscuous, all those sort of negative labels. Um, and she said seeing me, like repeatedly – I went back a couple of times – doing this and talking about the community as though they were there and survived, she said it was giving her pause and made her think about who she was and how she identified and sort of that history around why it was seen as a bad thing when it wasn’t.

Genetics adds to the narrative. In some cases it can upend the narrative, and really cause us to question, um, what we think we know.


SPANISH

Bueno, los antropólogos genetistas hacen una gran variedad de actividades, pero en definitiva, la idea es comprender más acerca de la experiencia humana. Cuándo estuvimos, cómo estamos ahora, recordar cuándo no actuamos bien, cómo hemos herido al otro. Creo que cumple el propósito de ayudarnos a recordar que esto es quienes somos. Esto es lo que queremos ser.

Con respecto a mi propio trabajo en el Caribe, en realidad, viene de mi padre. Él era un genealogista apasionado y solía contarme historias que su madre le contó sobre de dónde provenía nuestra familia. Entonces, en cierto modo, retomé las cosas donde él las dejó e incorporé ADN para hacer conexiones entre aquellos en el Caribe y aquellos en el oeste de África. Aspectos de la vida que se habían roto como consecuencia de, por ejemplo, el colonialismo y el mercado de esclavos transatlántico.

Algo que estoy viendo más, no solo en la antropología sino en ámbitos como la salud pública, es un movimiento específico para hacer trabajo comprometido con la comunidad, en el que la investigación no se hace por interés de los investigadores o por algún objetivo alto y sublime; en cambio, se centra en la comunidad. En otra isla, una de mis asistentes de trabajo de campo me contó que calificar a alguien de indígena, en algún punto, estaba mal visto. Eso significaba que eras menos inteligente, promiscuo, y toda clase de rótulos negativos. Eh, y ella me dijo que verme haciendo esto, una y otra vez, ya que regresé un par de veces, y hablando acerca de la comunidad como si estuvieran allí y hubiesen sobrevivido, le daba una pausa y le hacía pensar acerca de quién era y de cómo se identificaba y acerca de esa historia en torno a por qué estaba visto como algo malo cuando no lo era.

La genética aporta al relato. En algunos casos, puede poner de cabeza al relato y realmente hacernos preguntar, eh, qué creemos saber.

Guy Consolmagno talks

Should Religion Have a Place in Conversations About Science?

Br. Guy J. Consolmagno discusses his experience with science and as the Director of the Vatican Observatory.

 

Watch and read more here.

Fuentes talking.

Humility—Can it Exist in Science?

Dr. Fuentes discusses his experience as an anthropologist and primatologist.

 

Watch and read more here.

James Gates talking

Can You Solve Physics Problems With Your Dreams?

Dr. Gates discusses his experience as a theoretical physicist and the way “the answer appeared in a dream.”

 

Watch and read more here.

Humility—Can it Exist in Science?

Video Transcript:

Being a scientist is very difficult and one of thing that’s easy to do is to become quite arrogant because you control a lot of things in the lab, or even you try to control things in the field. And so part of science is always trying to control things so that you can predict outcomes. And that’s part of science. It’s really important, but it’s easy to sort of fall into this notion that “oh, you are the authority. You are the one in control.”

So that’s why I’ve long argued that humility, right, is an important component, and it counters this “science knows everything” hubris. But to be honest I’ve fallen into that trap many times in my career. And, you know, upon reflection, working with theologians and philosophers and a wide range of humanists, has help me think along these lines. I’ve worked on a couple of these large projects with theologians in particular, the Evolution of Wisdom project and things like that, where I was constantly reminded because of the way in which many theologians engage the world, the way in which they reflect, and also my social-anthropological colleagues, who do a lot of reflexive contextualization of their work and their perspectives, really push me to do the science thing, but to recognize that I am doing the science thing.

And so I need to think about what am I bringing? How am I bringing that? And to every now and then step back and check myself. Say “wait a minute, you know, is this just my hubris, or am I doing good science? Or are those two things becoming conflated in my mind?” And I think we as scholars, particularly in the academy, need to recognize this and approach our lives a little more humbly and realize the responsibility we have to the rest of society.

David Go talks

Why Do We Get Hung Up on the Word 'Theory' of Darwin's Theory?

Dr. Go discusses his experience as an engineer and the importance of science communication.

 

Watch and read more here.

Joseph Graves talks

Racism - Can We Use Science to Fight It?

Dr. Graves discusses his experience as a biologist and institutional racism within the scientific community.

 

Watch and read more here.

Susan Sheridan talking

Prayer and Pain - A 1500 Year-Old Mystery

Dr. Sheridan discusses her experience as a biological anthropologist and the questions that arose after finding the Monastic Collection in Jerusalem.

 

Watch and read more here.

Racism - Can We Use Science to Fight It?

Video Transcript:

ENGLISH

As an African-American who pursued an advanced degree, I struggled through my early years with the sense of isolation, with statements and claims about my inability to succeed as a scientist. The liberating moment, for me, that the things I was thinking, about how I was being treated and the rational for treating me that way, were in fact wrong. And that occurred serendipitously, actually.

I was sitting in my office and I got a call from my colleague, Dr. Benjamin Bowser at Cal State Hayward, and he asked me about a new book that had just been published called, The Bell Curve. And he asked me, “Well you know, Joe, would you please read this book and prepare something about the genetics being used there?” I was a unique individual, in the sense that I had the background in the field of evolutionary genetics, but I also had knowledge of African and African-American history. And I found fallacy after fallacy after fallacy within it. And so I was actually one of the first people to write an article about what was wrong with the statistical methods used in The Bell Curve and the genetics behind it.

And so what I hope is going to happen going forward is a sincere and sustained effort to address institutional racism and implicit bias in the academy. What are things we are doing that are preventing the full participation of racially subordinated people within our disciplines to make a change in the demography of who is doing science? Because changing the demography of science also changes the enterprise of science.


SPANISH

Como afroamericano que quiso conseguir un título avanzado, en mis primeros años, luché con el aislamiento, con declaraciones y afirmaciones sobre mi incapacidad de tener éxito como científico. El momento de liberación para mí fue que las cosas que pensaba sobre cómo me habían tratado y el razonamiento para tratarme de esa manera estaban, en realidad, equivocados. Y eso, en realidad, ocurrió por casualidad.

Estaba en mi oficina y recibí un llamado de un colega, el Dr. Benjamin Bowser de la universidad pública en Hayward, California. Me preguntó sobre un libro recién publicado llamado La curva de campana. Y me preguntó: “Joe, ¿podrías leer este libro y preparar algo sobre la explicación genética que emplea?”. Yo era un individuo especial, en el sentido de que tenía experiencia en el campo de la genética evolutiva, pero también tenía conocimiento de historia africana y afroamericana. Y encontré falacia tras falacia tras falacia en él. Y así, fui uno de los primeros en escribir un artículo sobre los errores de los métodos estadísticos utilizados en La curva de campana y la explicación genética detrás de él.

Entonces, lo que espero que pase en el futuro es un esfuerzo sincero y sostenido para abordar el racismo institucional y la discriminación implícita en el ámbito académico. ¿Qué hacemos para evitar la participación plena de personas en base a la raza dentro de nuestras disciplinas para cambiar la demografía de los que están haciendo ciencia? Porque cambiar la demografía de la ciencia también cambia la iniciativa de la ciencia.

Jennifer Wiseman talking

Science Can Answer the How, Can Religion Answer the Why?

Dr. Wiseman discusses her experience as an astronomer and the way “astronomy begs questions that it can’t answer.”

 

Watch and read more here.

Huda Zoghbi talks

How to Have Hope When Solving a Scientific Mystery

Dr. Zoghbi discusses her experience as a neuroscientist and studying Rett Syndrome.

 

Watch and read more here.


“Science is at its best when many voices are heard, when many experiences inform, and when many people are curious.”

-David Go, “What Does It Mean To Be A Scientist?”

 

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